β-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂和COX-2抑制剂在结直肠癌肝转移中的作用研究

目的: 研究β-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂和环氧合酶-2（COX-2）抑制剂在结直肠癌肝转移过程中发挥的作用及潜在机制。方法: 本研究首先通过体外结直肠癌细胞实验,研究不同浓度的β-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂和COX-2抑制剂对结肠癌细胞的增殖抑制作用,血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）分泌能力和活性氧（ROS）表达能力,随后于体内构建小鼠结直肠癌肝转移动物模型,对小鼠模型的肿瘤转移率、肿瘤数量、肿瘤最大重量、肿瘤最大直径和VEGF mRNA进行检测。结果: β-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂和COX-2抑制剂对结肠癌细胞具有显著的增殖抑制作用,呈给药剂量依赖性。当β-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂的浓度为200 μmol/L时,肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制率为(39.00±2.00)%,VEGF分泌量为(55.44±7.65) pg/mL,当COX-2抑制剂的浓度为2 μmol/L时,肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制率为(33.67±1.15)%,VEGF分泌量为(37.75±4.08) pg/mL,各组内比较差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与使用β-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂相比,使用COX-2抑制剂明显地抑制肝脏转移瘤的生长效果,比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,联合使用β-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂和COX-2抑制剂可有效降低肿瘤的最大重量、尺寸和VEGF mRNA表达水平［（0.20±0.13） g,（1.98±0.33） mm和0.22±0.06］,与对照组相比［（0.88±0.13） g,（5.45±0.88） mm和1.03±0.14］,与β-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂组［（0.50±0.16） g,（3.45±0.45） mm和0.75±0.08］和COX-2抑制剂组［（0.34±0.09） g,（2.73±0.24） mm和0.50±0.08］相比,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论: 在结直肠癌肝转移过程中,β-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂和COX-2抑制剂通过调控肿瘤表达ROS,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡;通过协同作用调控肿瘤细胞VEGF分泌,抑制肿瘤细胞新生血管形成和迁移。     

VEGF-A基因多态性对接受氟尿嘧啶为基础辅助化疗的结直肠癌患者预后的影响

目的: 本研究旨在探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子A（vascular endothelial growth factor A,VEGF-A）基因多态性位点对结直肠癌患者长期预后的影响。方法: 本研究为回顾性分析,纳入149例接受手术且术后接受氟尿嘧啶为基础辅助化疗的结直肠癌患者。术前收集患者外周血提取基因组DNA,用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应（PCR-RFLP）对多态性位点进行基因分型。149例患者的基因分型结果进行进一步验证并纳入最终分析。基因型和预后的单变量分析用Kaplan-Meier生存分析方法,并通过Cox风险比例模型对其他变量进行校正。结果: VEGF-A基因-94C>G位点在中国人群当中的突变频率为：GG型62例（41.6%）,CG型61例（40.9%）和CC型26例（17.4%）,最小等位基因频率为0.38,三种基因型的分布符合哈迪温伯格平衡（P=0.113）。三种基因型在基线临床资料中分布均衡,差异无统计学意义。对三种不同基因型患者构建的生存分析发现,CC型患者5年总生存期（OS）率显著较低,相对于GG/CG型患者来说具有显著的统计学差异（P=0.022）。经过多变量的Cox风险比例模型校正之后CC基因型相对于GG/CG型患者的较差的预后影响仍然存在,并且具有显著的统计学差异（OR=3.76,P=0.015）。结论: 在结直肠癌患者当中,VEGF-A基因-94C>G位点的突变纯合子CC基因型对结直肠癌患者的预后具有独立的影响意义。     

抗血小板溶栓素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用机制研究

目的: 探讨抗血小板溶栓素（anti-platelet thrombolysin,APT）对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的机制。方法: 采用TLR4-siRNA在体转染技术,下调大鼠脑组织中Toll样受体4（TLR4）蛋白表达。分别取野生型和TLR4下调的SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组,模型组,TLR4阻断剂（TAK-242 2 mg/kg）组,APT高、中、低组（0.02、0.01、0.005 mg/kg）,每组8只。线拴法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注损伤模型,G-LISA法测定大鼠脑组织中RhoA蛋白活性,Western blot 法测定脑组织中TLR4、RhoA相关卷曲螺旋形成蛋白激酶（ROCK1/2）、磷酸化的c-Jun氨基末端激酶（p-JNK）蛋白表达。结果: 与对照组比较,TLR4-siRNA在体转染大鼠脑组织中TLR4蛋白表达明显下降;在野生型大鼠中,与模型组比较,抗血小板溶栓素可明显降低脑组织中TLR4 蛋白表达,抑制RhoA活性,减少ROCK1/2、p-JNK蛋白表达;在TLR4下调大鼠中,与模型组比较,APT对脑组织中RhoA活性,ROCK1/2、p-JNK蛋白表达无明显影响。结论: 抗血小板溶栓素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用机制主要与其抑制TLR4/RhoA/ROCK信号通路有关。     

Binding property of Al/Mg/Al thin plates fabricated by one-pass hot rolling with different reduction ratios,temperatures and annealing treatments

In this study, Al-Mg-Al trilaminated thin plates were fabricated by one-pass hot rolling to improve the processing capacity and bonding strength of magnesium alloy plates. The effects of processing parameters were investigated. The results show that the optimal bonding strength is up to 20 MPa with a reduction ratio of 40 % and rolling temperature of 400 ℃, superior than that in other one-pass rolling studies with regard to thin laminated plates. In addition, a favorable property is achieved with the annealing temperature of 250-300 ℃ or annealing time of 1.5 h. When the annealing temperature exceeds300 ℃ or annealing time exceeds 1.5 h, respectively, the bonding strength of Al/Mg/Al plate decreases. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) analyses suggest that the appearance of thin diffusion layers between A1 and Mg interfaces is helpful to improve the bonding strength, while the presence of thick diffusion layer would reduce the bonding strength greatly.     

Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Superalloys (Ni,Co)-Al-(Ta,Ti)-(Cr,Mo, W) Designed by Cluster-Plus-Glue-Atom Model and Their 1000 h Long-Term Ageing Behavior at 900 degrees CEI北大核心CSCD

It has been pointed out recently that the compositions of industrial alloys are originated from cluster-plus-glue-atom structure units in solid solutions. Specifically for nickel-based superalloys, after properly grouping the alloying elements into Al, Ni-like ((Ni) over bar, including Ni, Co, Fe, Re, Ru and Ir), gamma '- forming Cr-like ((Cr) over bar (gamma '), including Ta, Ti, V, Nb), and gamma-forming Cr-like ((Cr) over bar;(gamma), including Cr, Mo and W), the optimal formula for single-crystal superalloys has been established [Al-(Ni) over bar (12)] (Al-1(Cr) over bar (gamma ')(0.5)(Cr) over bar (gamma)(1.5)). In this work, the first generation single-crystal superalloys were investigated on the basis of the proposed formula, by using (Ni) over bar=(Ni and Co), (Cr) over bar (gamma ')=(Ta and Ti), and (Cr) over bar (gamma)=(Cr, Mo and W). Two series of alloys were designed, formulated respectively as group A: [Al-Ni11Co1] (Al1TaxTi0.5-xCr1W0.25Mo0.25), with x=0, 0.25 and 0.5 (the corresponding mass fractions of Ta and Ti are respectively 0Ta-2.65Ti, 4.82Ta-1.26Ti and 9,32Ta-0Ti), and group B: [Al-Ni12-yCo gamma](Al1Ta0.25Ti0.25Cr1W0.25MO0.25), with y=1.5, 1.75, 2 and 2.5 (the corresponding mass fractions of Co are respectively 9.43Co, 11Co, 12.57Co and 15.71Co). The single-crystal superalloys were prepared using selector technique. And then they underwent the following tests of incipient melting, standard heat treatment and 1000 h long term ageing at 900 degrees C. It is found that: (1) In group A, with increasing Ta content (decreasing Ti), all the incipient melting temperatures are increased to above 1330 degrees C, and to the highest value is between 1335 degrees C and 1340 degrees C for alloy 9.32Ta-0Ti; the gamma(')gamma(') lattice negative misfits after standard heat treatment are reduced from -0.262% (0Ta-2.65Ti) to -0.247% (9.32Ta-0Ti); the gamma(') coarsening tendency after long-term ageing is deduced, and alloy 9.32Ta-0Ti has the lowest coarsening rate (K=5.6x10(-5) mu(3)/h). (2) In group B, the Co content does not influence the incipient melting temperature (always above 1330 degrees C) and the coarsening rate of gamma(') after long-term ageing. The major role of Co is to increase the mean size of the gamma(') precipitates to about 0.55 pm and the gamma(') volume fraction to about 69% after the standard heat treatment. These two groups of alloys have their gamma(') coarsening rates approaching the level of third-generation single-crystal superalloys (K approximate to(2.08 similar to 3.82)*10(-5) mu m(3)/h).     

Tb4O7掺杂Cr2O3-TiO2基高发射率涂层结构及辐射性能研究

目的提高Cr_2O_3-TiO_2基陶瓷涂层的辐射性能。方法以Cr_2O_3、TiO_2、NiO、Tb_4O_7为原料,经喷雾干燥及高温烧结致密化处理,制备成具有尖晶石和钙钛矿混合结构的Cr_2O_3-TiO_2基复合团聚型粉体,利用大气等离子喷涂法在TC4钛合金表面制备Tb_4O_7掺杂型Cr_2O_3-TiO_2基陶瓷涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、IRE-2红外辐射测试仪,分别对样品的显微组织结构、物相组成及辐射性能进行了表征。结果团聚造粒后,复合粉体的球形度和流动性较好,可满足等离子喷涂连续使用。所制备的Cr_2O_3-TiO_2基陶瓷涂层的熔化状态较好,扁平化程度较高,涂层中掺杂的Tb元素分布均匀。Tb~(4+)、Tb~(3+)等稀土元素离子,取代NiCr_2O_4尖晶石结构中半径相近的Ni~(2+)、Cr~(3+),导致单一晶体结构的整齐度被破坏,晶胞体积的变化引起晶体结构产生畸变,辐射条带显著加强和宽化。随着Tb_4O_7掺杂量的增多,涂层发射率逐渐上升,当掺杂量达到7.5%时,涂层在600℃的法向全发射率达到0.91。结论 Tb_4O_7稀土氧化物的加入可以有效提高Cr_2O_3-TiO_2基陶瓷涂层的发射率,稀土掺杂诱发尖晶石晶体结构畸变,从而改善涂层的辐射性能。     

不同气氛对激光熔覆IN718涂层形貌、组织与性能的影响

目的研究不同气氛条件下激光熔覆IN718高温合金涂层的微观偏析。方法利用激光熔覆技术,在不同送粉气和不同保护气条件下制备了IN718高温合金涂层,并对制备的涂层进行双时效热处理。采用光学显微镜观察显微组织结构和特征,采用扫描电镜和能谱仪对涂层组织和相成分进行分析,采用维氏硬度计对涂层热处理前后的硬度进行测定。结果送粉气种类对熔覆层的形貌和组织有一定影响,而保护气种类对熔覆层的形貌和组织影响不明显。与氩气作为送粉气制备的涂层相比,氦气作为送粉气制备的涂层组织更加细密,Laves相的尺寸更小且分布更均匀,Laves相的体积分数由氩气送粉的9.35%减少到氦气送粉的5.25%,并且Laves相中Nb的质量分数由20%下降到16%,涂层硬度由287HV0.2提高到306HV0.2。双时效热处理后,涂层的显微硬度明显提高,氦气作为送粉气制备的涂层硬度为468HV0.2,高于氩气作为送粉气制备的涂层硬度447HV0.2。结论氦气作为送粉气能有效降低激光熔覆IN718涂层的Nb元素偏析,同时细化涂层组织,提高涂层显微硬度。氦气作为保护气对涂层形貌和组织的影响不明显。     

高应变速率对690合金热变形及可挤性的影响

利用Gleelbe热模拟实验以及有限元分析了高应变速率对690合金热变形行为以及挤压可行性的影响,并根据实验和有限元结果进行挤压。结果表明：690合金的流变应力对应变速率均较敏感;大于10 s_-1 的高应变速率下,变形温升显著上升;再结晶晶粒尺寸在低应变速率下,随应变速率的升高而降低,高应变速率则随应变速率的增加而增大;挤压时,最大挤压力随着应变速率的上升先降低再升高;根据实验以及有限元计算结果,成功挤出了合格的690管材。     

热挤压工艺对690合金组织的影响及控制

利用Gleeble热压缩实验,构建了690合金的挤压工艺的再结晶图,探讨了完全动态再结晶的临界挤压工艺,将合金的热变形组织演变模型带入deform-2D有限元软件,并针对挤压中合金的组织演变过程对有限元软件进行了二次开发,进而模拟计算了挤压比、坯料温度以及挤压速率对690合金挤压管组织的影响规律,依据挤压机设备能力以及组织要求提出了挤压工艺的控制方法,并进一步根据有限元计算结果进行实际挤压验证。结果表明：挤压管的晶粒尺寸随着挤压比的增大呈现出先降低后增加的趋势;690合金挤压管的晶粒尺寸随坯料温度和挤压速度的降低而减小;当坯料温度在1200℃,挤压比为15.3,挤压速率200 mm/s时,挤压管的晶粒尺寸可以控制在62.7 μm以下;模拟计算结果与挤压管的相对误差仅为4.5%。     

Fabrication and properties of lightweight SiOC fiber-based assembly aerogels with hierarchical pore structure

Here we report a novel aerogel material assembled by the electrospun SiOC fibers with a hierarchical pore structure. The fibrous aerogels were successfully fabricated by the gel-casting and freeze-drying method using the SiOC fibers as the matrix and the silica sols as the binders. The effect of the SiOC fiber content and the silica sol content on the properties of the samples were investigated. The SiOC fibrous aerogels after calcined at 1000?°C exhibited low densities of 46.87–128.48?mg/cm³, low thermal conductivities of 0.0302–0.0440?W/m?K, high compressive strengths of 18–167?kPa and relatively high specific surface areas of 12.48–34.87?m²/g. Such unique fibrous aerogel materials are foreseen as the promising high-temperature insulators, absorbents and supports.